Ultimate Relocation Guide on Moving to Spain

Spain remains one of Europe's most popular retirement destinations, offering warm weather, affordable living costs compared to northern Europe, and excellent healthcare. UK retirees typically apply for a non-lucrative visa, which requires demonstrating sufficient passive income or savings to support yourself without working. Health insurance is mandatory for visa applications, and while Spain's public healthcare system is excellent, private insurance ensures immediate access and covers services public healthcare may not. Many expats settle along coastal areas or in cities with established international communities, where English is more widely spoken.

Spain welcomes entrepreneurs through various visa schemes, including options for self-employment and business investors. The business environment is increasingly supportive of start-ups, particularly in cities like Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia, which host thriving tech and innovation ecosystems. Understanding local regulations, tax obligations, and legal requirements is essential. Many entrepreneurs work with a gestor (administrative adviser) to navigate Spanish bureaucracy efficiently when registering companies and managing ongoing compliance.

Spain offers diverse employment opportunities across sectors including tourism, technology, education, healthcare, and renewable energy. Securing visa sponsorship jobs in Spain typically requires specialized skills or qualifications, as employers must demonstrate they cannot fill positions with EU workers. The job market is competitive, but international companies and English-language positions are growing, particularly in major cities. Understanding employment contracts, workers' rights, and the social security system helps ensure a smooth career transition when working in Spain.

Spain's healthcare system ranks among the best globally, offering high-quality care through both public and private sectors. If you're working and contributing to social security, you'll access public healthcare. For those on non-lucrative or other non-working visas, private health insurance is required initially. Costs are significantly lower than in many countries, with private policies often starting at affordable monthly rates. UK-issued EHIC or GHIC cards are no longer valid for residents post-Brexit, so securing appropriate coverage before arrival is essential.

Spain offers a strong education system with compulsory schooling from ages six to sixteen. Families relocating to Spain can choose from public schools, private institutions, or international schools offering British, American, or International Baccalaureate curriculums. Public education is free and conducted in Spanish (or regional languages like Catalan in certain areas), while international schools charge fees but provide continuity for children adjusting to a new country. Registration typically requires proof of residency through the municipal padrón.

Housing options in Spain vary dramatically by region. Coastal areas and major cities command higher prices, whilst inland and rural properties offer exceptional value. Renting is often the wisest choice initially, allowing you to explore neighbourhoods before committing long-term. Property purchases require an NIE number (foreigner identification number), and buyers should budget for additional costs including notary fees, property transfer tax, and registration charges. Working with a reputable estate agent and legal adviser helps avoid common pitfalls.

The cost of living in Spain is generally lower than in the UK, Ireland, and much of northern Europe, though it varies significantly by location. Cities like Barcelona and Madrid are more expensive, whilst smaller towns and rural areas offer remarkable affordability. Groceries, dining out, and utilities typically cost less than in the UK, though imported goods may be pricier. Many expats find their money stretches further, enabling a comfortable lifestyle with savings for travel and leisure.

UK citizens can drive in Spain using their UK licence for up to six months after establishing residency, after which it must be exchanged for a Spanish licence. The exchange process typically requires passing a theory test, though some UK licences can be directly exchanged depending on bilateral agreements. If bringing a UK-registered vehicle, it must be registered in Spain within six months. Car ownership costs include insurance, annual road tax, and periodic inspections (ITV). Spain's roads are generally excellent, though driving styles can be more assertive than in the UK.

Opening a bank account in Spain is straightforward once you have your NIE number, proof of address, and passport. Major Spanish banks include BBVA, Santander, CaixaBank, and Sabadell. Many expats also maintain multi-currency accounts to manage transfers between pounds and euros efficiently. Understanding Spanish tax residency rules is critical—spending more than 183 days per year in Spain typically makes you a tax resident, obligating you to declare worldwide income. The UK and Spain have a double taxation agreement to prevent paying tax twice on the same income.

Spain's public transport infrastructure is excellent, featuring high-speed AVE trains connecting major cities, extensive metro systems in Barcelona, Madrid, and other urban centres, and reliable bus networks. Coastal areas are well-served by regional trains and buses. Many cities are increasingly cycle-friendly, with dedicated lanes and bike-sharing schemes. Taxis and ride-sharing services are affordable and readily available. For those living in rural areas, owning a car offers greater convenience, though urban residents often manage comfortably without one.

Spain is historically Catholic, with religion playing a significant cultural role in festivals and traditions. However, modern Spain is increasingly secular and tolerant, welcoming diverse faiths including Islam, Protestantism, Judaism, and others. Religious freedom is constitutionally protected, and expats will find places of worship representing various denominations, particularly in larger cities and expat-heavy coastal regions.

Spain is exceptionally accessible, with major international airports in Madrid, Barcelona, Málaga, Alicante, Valencia, and Seville, among others. These airports offer direct flights to cities worldwide, making travel to and from Spain convenient. Preparing your travel documents, including your visa and proof of accommodation, ensures a smooth entry process. Spain's border control is efficient, and customs procedures are straightforward for personal belongings.